As we all know, trade liberalization is an important driver of economic growth, while economic growth is an important way to solve the poverty problem. Some studies show that although it can not be determined whether trade liberalization can reduce poverty in developing countries, at least it is beneficial to the developed countries. However, since this round of economic crisis, the developed countries have frequently taken measures to block trade liberalization in order to recover their economy and solve the unemployment problem. In contrast, the developing countries have actively signed the free trade agreements with other countries to promote trade liberalization. Therefore, people need to rethink the relationship between trade liberalization and poverty, especially the impact of trade liberalization on poverty in the developing countries. China and the ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) has been fully launched in 2010. What effect will the CAFTA have on both economic growth and poverty reduction? It has also been the common concern of people and governments in China and the ASEAN countries.